Glossary

What is Machine Learning (ML)?

Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence that enables systems to automatically learn from data and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed. Instead of following fixed rules, ML algorithms identify patterns, make predictions, and adapt…

What is Feature Engineering?

Feature engineering is the work of turning raw data into something a machine learning model can learn from. Real-world data is often messy, inconsistent, and full of detail that does not help an algorithm. Feature engineering shapes that data into…

What is Federated Learning?

Federated learning is a way of training machine learning models without ever moving the raw data. Instead of sending data to a central system, each participating device or organisation trains the model locally and shares only the model updates. The…

What is Fine-Tuning?

Fine-tuning is the process of taking a pre-trained machine learning or large language model (LLM) and training it further on a smaller, domain-specific dataset. The goal is to adapt the model’s general knowledge to perform better on tasks relevant to…

What is a Model Card?

A Model Card is a transparent documentation report that describes the performance, limitations, and intended use of an artificial intelligence or machine learning model. It helps stakeholders understand how a model was built, what data it was trained on, and…

What is Data Augmentation?

Data augmentation is a technique used in machine learning and deep learning to artificially expand the size and diversity of a training dataset. It involves applying transformations, edits, or variations to existing data to create new examples, helping models generalise…

What is Data Governance?

Data governance is the framework of policies, processes, and responsibilities that ensures an organisation’s data is accurate, consistent, secure, and used ethically. It defines how data is collected, stored, managed, and shared to maintain quality, compliance, and accountability across the…